The Hormone Cafe: Blog

with Dr. Sarah Pederson

PMS & PMDD Explained: Root Causes, Hormones, and Holistic Treatment Options

PMS (premenstrual syndrome) and PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) affect many people, yet their symptoms are often dismissed as “normal.” Understanding the root causes and holistic treatment options can transform how you feel during the luteal phase and improve your overall cycle health.

What PMS and PMDD Actually Are

  • PMS: Occurs during the luteal phase (after ovulation, before your period). Common symptoms include irritability, mood swings, headaches, cramps, and breast tenderness.
  • PMDD: A more severe form of PMS with debilitating mood symptoms that impair daily functioning.
  • Important: PMS should not be normalized — symptoms almost always indicate an underlying imbalance.

Root Causes of PMS & PMDD

  • Blood sugar instability (increased insulin resistance during the luteal phase)
  • Inflammation
  • Hormonal imbalances (estrogen, progesterone, LH, FSH)
  • Poor-quality or absent ovulation
  • Gut and detox pathway dysfunction
  • Chronic stress and elevated cortisol

How to Eat During the Luteal Phase

  • Your body needs more calories, rest, and nutrients after ovulation
  • Aim for a 1:1 ratio of protein to carbohydrates
  • Increase carbohydrates, but choose high-quality sources:
    • Seed breads
    • Protein pastas
    • Brown rice and wild rice
  • Always pair carbohydrates with protein
  • Avoid large amounts of sugar, which fuel inflammation and worsen mood symptoms

Anti-Inflammatory Foods That Reduce PMS Symptoms

Omega-3–rich foods:

  • Fish (2–3x/week)
  • Chia seeds
  • Flax seeds

Leafy greens for antioxidants:

  • Kale
  • Arugula
  • Spinach

Turmeric for inflammation reduction (cook with it or add to drinks)

Why Blood Sugar Matters for Mood

  • Blood sugar spikes increase inflammation
  • Inflammation disrupts neurotransmitters in the brain
  • This worsens irritability, anxiety, and depression in the luteal phase
  • Tip: Continuous glucose monitoring can be helpful during this phase

Hormone Testing for PMS & PMDD

  • Test hormones during the luteal phase (typically ~7 days after ovulation)
  • Key hormones to check: estrogen, progesterone, LH, FSH
  • Consider testing on your worst symptom day if symptoms spike before your period
  • Mapping hormone patterns helps identify crashes, imbalances, and estrogen dominance

Common Hormone Imbalances Linked to PMS

  • Low progesterone
  • High estrogen (estrogen dominance)
  • Rapid estrogen drops before menstruation
  • Anovulation (periods without ovulation)

Supplements for PMS & PMDD (Based on Labs)

  • Vitex (chasteberry): supports hormone production
  • Omega-3s: ~1,000 mg daily if not eating enough fish
  • Magnesium: supports mood and muscle relaxation
  • L-theanine and GABA: for mood and anxiety support (taken at night)
  • Adaptogens: Ashwagandha, Rhodiola (stress-related PMS)
  • DIM or calcium d-glucarate: for estrogen metabolism (only if estrogen is high)

Note: Supplements should be chosen based on your specific hormone profile. Do not take estrogen-lowering supplements if estrogen is already low.

Medical Treatment Options (When Needed)

  • Bioidentical progesterone during the luteal phase for low progesterone
  • Bioidentical estradiol for estrogen crashes or severe luteal symptoms
  • “Bridge dosing” to prevent sudden hormone drops before your period
  • SSRIs/SNRIs (e.g., sertraline/Zoloft) as needed during the luteal phase

Lifestyle Factors That Matter

  • Adequate calories and protein to support hormone production
  • Exercise to help metabolize hormones (higher intensity okay if well-fueled)
  • Daily bowel movements to support estrogen detoxification
  • Stress reduction to lower cortisol and improve mood regulation

Real Patient Case Highlight

A patient with severe rage and PMS symptoms was found to be:

  • Not ovulating
  • Estrogen dominant
  • Insulin resistant

After blood sugar regulation, cyclic progesterone, and nutrition changes, she resumed ovulation, normalized her luteal phase, and felt like herself again.

Key Takeaways

  • PMS and PMDD are not normal and should not be dismissed
  • Luteal-phase symptoms are signals of deeper hormonal, metabolic, or inflammatory issues
  • Targeted nutrition, hormone testing, supplements, and medical therapy can dramatically improve symptoms
  • Feeling amazing every day is possible with the right support

Next Steps

If you experience PMS, PMDD, migraines, mood swings, or luteal-phase discomfort, schedule a consultation with Dr. Sarah and her team. They provide a root-cause, personalized approach to hormone health.

📍 Located in Westminster, Colorado
🌐 Learn more or book a consultation: verafertility.com
📧 Connect with us on Instagram & TikTok: @verafertility
🎧 Listen to all episodes of The Hormone Café Podcast on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, and YouTube

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